The distinction between benign and malignant nodules can be made based on the growth pattern, growth rate, presence of metastasis or recurrence, and pathological examination results.

Growth Pattern: Benign nodules typically exhibit expansive or exophytic growth with clear boundaries from surrounding tissues; malignant nodules are characterized by invasive or exophytic growth with indistinct boundaries from surrounding tissues.

Growth rate: Benign nodules grow slowly, and the growth of some nodules may be accompanied by local pain; malignant nodules grow rapidly, mainly as painless growth, and are more concealed.

Metastasis and recurrence: Benign nodules do not metastasize, and postoperative recurrence is relatively rare; malignant nodules often exhibit regional lymph node metastasis or distant organ metastasis, and there is a higher risk of recurrence after surgical resection.

Pathological examination: Benign nodules often have a capsule on the surface, with highly differentiated tissue cells, minimal atypia, and mostly lack pathological mitotic figures; malignant nodules have no obvious capsule on the surface, with poorly differentiated tissue cells, significant atypia, and obvious pathological mitotic figures are visible.

Treatment approach: Benign nodules generally do not require treatment. When compression occurs or aesthetics are affected, surgical resection of the nodule can be performed. The surgical scope is small, and no other special treatment is needed postoperatively; malignant nodules usually require surgical treatment, followed by further comprehensive therapies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and medication.

In summary, distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules requires a comprehensive evaluation by clinicians and pathologists. It is recommended that patients undergo standardized diagnosis and treatment under the guidance of specialists, with regular follow-ups and check-ups.